



Here is a list of a few important books to read when studying Failaka Island:
- (1932) Baghdad Sketches by Freya Stark
- (1969) Looking for Dilmun by Geoffrey Bibby
- (1997) Voice of the Oud by Jehan Rajab
- (1999) Failaka Island: The Ikaros of the Arabian Gulf by Jehan Rajab
- (2006) Failaka Island: The Most Famous Kuwaiti Island by Khaled Salem Muhammad
- (2008) The Danish Archaeological Expedition to Kuwait 58-63 by Flemming Holjund/the NCCAL
- (2011 – 2nd ed) The Archaeology of the Arabian Gulf by Michael Rice
- (2018) Failaka Island in the Postcards by Hasan Ashkanani








Here is a list of a few important journals & articles:
- (2021) Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy: Volume 32, Issue 1. Special Issue: Archaeological Failaka, recent and ongoing investigations by various authors
- (2013) Archaeology Island by Andrew Lawler in Archaeology Magazine
- (2025) Desert Paradise Found by Daniel Weiss in Archaeology Magazine
- (2013) Sa’ad and Sae’ed Area in Failaka Island, submission to UNESCO
- (2025) A Palimpsest of Human Civilizations, submission to UNESCO





Here are publications about Hellenistic archaeological finds:
- (1982) Vol. 1: The Hellenistic Settlements (Terracotta Figurines)
- (1983): Vol. 2.1 and 2.2: The Hellenistic Settlements (Hellenistic Pottery)
- (1990): Vol. 3: The Hellenistic Settlements (The Sacred Enclosure)




Here are publications about Bronze Age archaeological finds:
- (1983) Vol. 1: The Second Millennium Settlements (Stamp and Cylinder Seals)
- (1987) Vol. 2: The Second Millennium Settlements (Bronze Age Pottery)
- (2013) Vol. 3: The Second Millennium Settlements (The Bronze Age Architecture)
- (2014) Vol. 4: The Second Millennium Settlements (The Stone Vessels) – PDF
- (2022) Vol. 5: The Second Millennium Settlements (The Beads)
- (2024) Vol. 6: The Second Millennium Settlements (Copper, Cuneiform Inscriptions, Other Finds)
- (2016) Tell F6 on Failaka Island: Kuwaiti-Danish Excavations 2008-2012 Copy of book
- (2021) Tell F3 on Failaka Island: Kuwaiti-Danish Excavations 2012-2017








Here are publications about the stamp seals:
- (1993) The Seals of Failaka: An Aesthetic Analysis
- (2012) Failaka Seals Catalogue, vol. I, Al-Khidr
- (2016) Failaka Seals Catalogue, vol. II, Tell F6 “The Palace”



Here are books published by the Ministry of Information Department of Antiquity & Museums:
- Greek Coins from Failaka
- Archaeological Investigations in Failaka Island 1958-1963
- This work on stamp seals (which can be seen on internet archive)




Books by Khaled Salem Muhammad:
This website has compiled various books about Failaka, which you can see below. Khaled Salem Muhammad was a scholar who has written many books on Failaka that are often cited in bibliographies of other works on the island. In the article Spatial Assessment of pre-20th-century settlements on Failaka Island by Mohamed Aziz and O. Alotaibi they include a map by Muhammad for which they say, “The Ancient Features Map, by the researcher Khaled Salem Muhammad. This map dates back to the year 1958. Muhammad projected different sites on the basis of his own experience with the sites — as a peninsula national, in collaboration with elderly inhabitants of the island, and following a comprehensive field survey of the peninsula’s territories and features.” According to the bibliography of Aziz and Alotaibi’s article, Muhammad’s works include:
- (1977) The Island of Failaka: A Historical Perspective between the Greeks and the Twentieth Century. Al-Nahda Magazine, Issue 523, October, p. 45, Kuwait.
- (1985) Scenes of Life in Ancient Times on the Island of Failaka. Al Rubayan Publishing
- (1993) The Island of Failaka: A Historical/Social Perspective, 2nd edition. Dar Al-Kutob Publishing
- (1996) Pages from the Past of the Island of Failaka, 3rd edition. Dar Al-Kutob Publishing
- (2000) Kuwait in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, Dar Al-Oruba Publishing and Distribution, Kuwait.
- (2006) Failaka Island: The Most Famous Kuwaiti Island, History and Heritage.


Books by Danish scholars:
- (1968) l-Bahrain: De danske ekspeditioner til oldtidens Dilmun, P.V. Glob
- (1969) Looking for Dilmun, Geoffrey Bibby
- (1970) Rejsedagbøger, Thorkild Hansen



Here are publications by the French archaeological teams have dug at Failaka:
- Failaka Fouilles françaises 1983
- Failaka Fouilles françaises 1984-1985
- Failaka Fouilles françaises 1984-1985: Matériel céramique
- Failaka Fouilles françaises 1986-1988
- L’ile de failaka. archeologie au koweit
- Kuwaiti-French Expedition in Failaka: The Hellenistic Fortress (Tell Said)
- Un Histoire Globale du Koweit, Julie Bonneric and Philippe Petriat
- (2016) Al-Qusur, A Christian Monastery on Failaka Island, Kuwait
It is stated on this website that, “The island of Failaka is a foremost site for archaeologists because of the density of major settlements documenting the history of the Middle East during various periods. Many of these settlements were excavated by the French Mission in Kuwait. Between 1983 and 2009, the team dug five key areas in Kuwait, unearthing temples and churches, fortifications, and dwellings: Bronze Age Tell F6, Achemenid Tell Khazneh, Hellenistic Fortress of Tell F5, Early Islamic al‑Qusur and diachronic Akkaz. Since then, preliminary results have been published but most of the data is unpublished and inaccessible. During the Gulf War (1990‑1991), all the archives of the Kuwait National Museum were lost and numerous artifacts disappeared, were mixed, or destroyed. The White Levy Grant will allow us to carry out data curation and proper digitization to make all the archives of this Mission freely and publicly available online (under Creative Commons license CC-BY-NC) on a dedicated website linked to a database. It will also be the first step before completing the final publication of al‑Qusur settlement. This Christian monastery, dating at least as far back as the Umayyad period and located in the middle of the island, was excavated during five campaigns (1988-1989, 2007-2009) by the French Mission in Kuwait. The publication project (Open Research in Failaka: processing archives of the French Mission in Kuwait (1983- 2009) for open access dissemination and final publication) is directed by Dr. Julie Bonnéric in collaboration with Florent Gelsomino.”








(1975) The Kuwaiti Digest National Day Issue – Quarterly House Journal of The Kuwait Oil Company Volume Three, Number One, January / March 1975. Ahmad, Haider; Ralph Shaw; William R. McDowall. Published by KOC






Italian works on Kuwait & Failaka



Other archaeological sites or missions:
- (2010) Failaka and Miskan Islands 2004 – 2009
- (2010) Al-Khidr 2004-2009, Report on the Activities of the Kuwaiti-Slovak Archaeological Mission
- (2015) Kuwaiti-Italian Archaeological Mission to Failaka
- (2016) 10 years of Kuwaiti-polish archaeological cooperation 2006-2016
- (2018) Al-Qurainiyah, Failaka, Kuwaiti-Italian Excavations 2010-2015
- (2019) Archaeology on Failaka – current research by various authors






Older works that discuss Failaka (the only one of the following which does so meaningfully is Lorimer, the rest of the sources only briefly mention the island):
- (1908) Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Vol. II. Geographical and Statistical – J G Lorimer
- (1857) Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government – James Felix Jones
- (1830) Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia (Vol. II) – James Silk Buckingham
- (1772) Travels Through Arabia – Carsten Niebuhr












Books about Kuwait more generally that discuss Failaka:
- (1980) Modern Kuwait, David Sapsted
- (1991) The Origins of Kuwait, BJ Slot
- (1992) Kuwait: A Nation’s Story, Peter Vine



Here are various works focused on or that discuss the Dilmun civilization:
- (1969) Looking for Dilmun by Geoffrey Bibby
- (1983) Dilmun Discovered: The Early Years of Archaeology in Bahrain by Michael Rice
- (1992) Dilmun Culture by Ali Al Bushari
- (1994) The Archaeology of the Arabian Gulf by Michael Rice
- (1997) The Dilmun Temple at Saar by Harriet Crawford
- (1998) Dilmun and its Gulf Neighbors by Harriet Crawford
- (1999) Glob and the Garden of Eden by Flemming Højlund
- (2000) Traces of Paradise edited by Michael Rice & Harriet Crawford
- (2001) Early Dilmun Seals from Saar by Harriet Crawford
- (2005) The Land Of Enki In The Islamic Era: Pearls, Palms and Religious Identity in Bahrain
- (2014) The Archaeology of Prehistoric Arabia by Peter Magee
- (2015) The Wise Men From the East by Matthias Ifejika
- (2020) Arab Seafaring by George F. Hourani
- (2022) The Tablet of Destinies by Roberto Calasso
- (2024) The Other Ancient Civilizations by Raven Todd DaSilva
















Relevant Databases & Websites:
A list of academic articles that discuss Failaka, found on jstor, academia, or similar databases:
- (1960) Orientalists Meet in Moscow
- (1968) Archaeological News
- (1969) New Facts about Musical Instruments from Ur
- (1972) Foreign Relations of Babylonia from 1600 to 625 B. C.: The Documentary Evidence
- (1972) The John Hopkins University Expedition
- (1973) Harappan Trade in the Arabian Gulf
- (1973) Sumer and Kulli meet at Dilmun in the Arabian Gulf
- (1973) The Arab-Iranian Gulf
- (1975) A Possible Identification of Meluḫḫa, Dilmun and Makan
- (1977) A Kassite Cylinder Seal from the Arabian Gulf
- (1980) Seals of “Dilmun-type” from Failaka
- (1981) Tangible Evidence for the Earliest Dilmun
- (1981) Preliminary Remarks on the Palace of Sa’ad on Failaka
- (1982) A Comparative Study of Pottery
- (1983) Survey of Failaka Island
- FRENCH EXCAVATIONS AT FAILAKA, 1983
- FRENCH EXCAVATIONS AT FAILAKA, 1984
- (1984) French Excavations at Failaka
- (1984) The Etymology of Eden
- (1985) Bronze Age Craft at Failaka
- (1985) The Greek Inscriptions from Failaka
- (1985) The Ceramics of Failaka
- (1985) Some Aspects of the Seleucid Empire
- (1987) Dilmun: At Sea or Not at Sea?: A Review Article
- (1987) Votive Offerings from Hellenistic Failaka-Evidence for Herakles Cult
- (1987) Some Notes about Hellenistic Failaka
- (1989) Failaka and the Northern Part of Dilmun
- (1990) Fragments of Stone Vessels as a Base Material
- (1990) The Arabian Gulf In Antiquity
- (1991) Kuwait at the site of al-Qusur
- (1991) Discovery of a Christian Church at Al-Qusur
- (1991) Excavations at the Site of Al-Qusur
- (1995) The Inscriptions from Failaka and the Lapidary Aramaic Script
- (1997) The Power of the Bull
- (2005) The Arabic dialects of Arabia
- (2008) The Danish Archaeological Expedition to Kuwait 1958-1963
- (2008) Al Khidr on Failaka Island (different copy)
- (2008) Survey and Mapping of Al-Quraniya
- (2008) Failaka, Persian Gulf, Indus Script Hypertext
- (2009) A Bronze Age settlement at al-Khiḍr, Failakah Island, Kuwait
- (2010) Ancient Arabia and the written word
- (2012) Investigating an early Islamic landscape on Kuwait Bay, historical Kadhima
- (2012) The Pearl Trade
- (2012) Kuwaiti-French Expedition in Faïlaka. The Hellenistic Fortress (Tell Saïd)
- (2012) Altar Plates from Failaka
- (2013) Failaka Island: Unearthing the Past in Kuwait
- (2014) New French-Kuwaiti research in the Hellenistic fortress of Failaka-Ikaros
- (2014) From rags to riches: three crucial steps in Dilmun’s rise to fame
- (2014) Interregional Interaction and Dilmun Power in the Bronze Age
- (2016) Archaeology of Failaka – current research
- (2016) Maritime Archaeology on the North Shoreline of Failaka
- (2017) Kuwait-Georgian Archaeological Mission 2011-17
- (2018) Comparative Study of Biological Cleaning and Laser Techniques
- (2019) A new temple platform at Tell F6
- (2019) A Glimpse of Daily Life in a Hellenistic Fortress
- (2019) New Perspectives in Seleucid History
- (2019) Pottery from the Bronze Age Site of Al-Khidr
- (2019) Islamic Harbour in Kharab al-Dasht Bay?
- (2020) Investigating Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes
- (2020) Architecture and Politics in the Kingdom of the Seleucids
- (2020) Review on Late Pleistocene-Holocene relative sea-level changes in Kuwait
- (2021) Insularity and Religious Life: The Case of Hellenistic Ikaros/Failaka Island
- (2021) Late Islamic Water Collection Systems
- (2021) Egyptian Scarabs Discovered on Failaka Island
- (2021) Fishing at the Late Islamic Settlement in Khara’ib al-Dasht
- (2022) From Dilmun to Wadi al-Faw: A forgotten desert corridor
- (2022) The Bead Trade
- (2023) On the Town of Kuwait and Its Failaka Island in 1839 – related
- Articles published in Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy:
- Volume 18 Issue 2 2007: A geochemical study of bituminous mixtures from Failaka
- Volume 19 Issue 1 2008: Christianity in the Gulf during the first centuries of Islam
- Volume 21 Issue 1 2010: Overview of bitumen trade in Near East from Neolithic to early Islamic period
- Volume 22 Issue 1 2011: Monks, dinars and date palms
- Volume 23 Issue 2 2012: The Dilmun temple on Failaka
- Volume 30 Issue 2 2019: A new temple platform at Tell F6 on Failaka Island
- Volume 32 Issue 1 2021: Archaeological Failaka – recent and ongoing investigations (special edition)
- Volume 34 Issue 1 2022: From Dilmun to Wādī al-Fāw: A forgotten desert corridor
- Volume 35 Issue 1 2024: Bond of allegiance? The three lines on Dilmun seals

Here are images from the 1972 book Kuwait: Prospect and Reality by Zahra Freeth








[…] gives a more in depth view of archaeology in Kuwait, including its Dilmunite Sites. I have also compiled a list of scholarly articles and books about […]
[…] A book seen on abebooks, more images from here […]
[…] after that surveyed by the Danish in 1958.” In the 1980s, French teams excavated on Failaka, resulting in many publications. From 2004 to 2009, a Kuwaiti-Slovak team worked at Failaka and Miskan Island. From 2008 to 2012, A […]
[…] have detailed books and articles about Kuwait’s Failaka Island on this post. Here is some information about a few of the specific scholars who have contributed to the study of […]
[…] that at the Al-Khidr site, more than 70 seals have been found. These seals were catalogues in the 2012 work “Failaka Seals Catalogue, vol. I, Al-Khidr.” Most seals were made from soft stone, […]